![]() Two systematic reviews identifying interventions tailored for women were published in 2014. Studies on women’s programs in the criminal justice system have addressed specific individual factors such as substance abuse ( Zlotnick et al., 2009 Najavits et al., 2007), traumas ( Covington, 2003 Miller and Najavits, 2012), self-efficacy ( Pelissier and Jones, 2006) and measured recidivism ( Andrews et al., 2012 Grella and Rodriguez, 2011). This complexity of the situation for a large proportion of the women warrants tailored gender-responsive programs intended to facilitate their recovery. The total recidivism rate for women in the Nordic countries varies from 10 percent (Norway) to 25 percent (Sweden) ( Kristoffersen, 2013). This comorbid pattern of substance abuse and psychiatric disorders seems to increase the likelihood of recidivism ( Smith and Trimboli, 2010). Histories of substance abuse, psychiatric challenges and marginalization, such as social isolation, low socio-economic status together with lack of a supportive environment, have a negative influence on their mental health status ( Leschied, 2011 Najavits et al., 2007). A Norwegian study reported that 42 percent of the women serving had experienced sexual abuse ( Amundsen, 2011). This is in line with a study in Sweden, where approximately one-fifth of sentenced women met the criteria for current depression ( Yourstone et al., 2010). Recently, a Norwegian study demonstrated that one out of four women reported major or moderate depression ( Cramer, 2014). Women’s psychosocial problems and needs are well documented in the correctional literature from Scandinavia ( Amundsen, 2011 Cramer, 2014 Lindberg, 2005 Mathiassen, 2011 Yourstone et al., 2010), and other countries in Europe and outside Europe ( Bartlett et al., 2014 Black et al., 2013 Chen, 2010 Covington, 2008, Leschied, 2011 Sacks et al., 2012 Sapouna et al., 2011 Zaplin, 2008 Zlotnick et al., 2008, 2009 Van Wormer, 2010). The purpose of the current study is to investigate whether participation in a program with such an approach improves women’s SOC and emotional distress. No previous research have covered accredited programs within a theoretical framework based on Antonovsky’s (1987) global concept of sense of coherence (SOC), or combined it with the collaborative conversation style of motivational interviewing ( Miller and Rollnick, 2013) to strengthen women’s coping abilities, motivation and commitment to change. There is a call for research on programs in the criminal justice system that have successful impact on women’s mental health needs ( Bartlett et al., 2014 Martin et al., 2009 Van Wormer, 2010), and examinations on interventions designed around a coherent theoretical approach ( Bartlett et al., 2014). The full terms of this licence may be seen at. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of the article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This work is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 3.0) Licence. Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
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